An overview of the concept, kinds, and topology of solid-state transformers.

concept and topology of solid-state transformers.

1 INTRODUCTION

Because of the development in new energy generating and storage resources, the complexity of the electrical network has expanded. These sources' electrical energy output is given at various voltages (DC and AC) and frequencies. The employment of new technologies to control and improve the reliability of the electrical system is unavoidable in the face of these difficulties. Intelligent energy management (IEM) is necessary for grid or microgrid integration of power generation, energy storage, and loads. Bidirectional energy flow, intelligent monitoring and control, and powerful communication links are all required of IEM substations. This is where "smart grids" come into play, with the goal of reducing or preventing the repercussions of poor power quality, improving reliability, and increasing productivity and grid stability through the use of new technologies and equipment. Low-frequency transformers are commonly employed in traditional power systems to fulfil duties such as voltage change and isolation, as well as to meet the majority of cost, efficiency, and reliability requirements. They are obviously unsuitable for the specified programmes. As a result, new transformer models have been developed to satisfy the needs of the future smart grid.

• 1.Transformer, passive or low-frequency

• 2. Series voltage compensating transformer

• 3. chopper transformer in series with alternating current

• 4. Solid-state power transformer

2 THE SOLID-STATE TRANSFORMER CONCEPT

As previously stated, the solid-state transformer (SST) is being promoted as a solution for meeting smart grid needs. Solid-state transformers are made up of three major components: a converter to produce high-frequency AC from an input line frequency AC, isolation by a high-frequency transformer (HFT), and finally, a converter to produce AC with line frequency from AC high frequency. The isolation barrier also divides the transformer into two sections: high voltage and low voltage. SST, in addition to performing the same activities as a normal transformer, provides a variety of grid services such as reactive power compensation, power quality improvement, current limiting and voltage regulation, power factor correction, and so on. This can lead to advancements and the establishment of a link between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) devices. Various authors have introduced this equipment under various names, including electronics transformer by McMurray in 1968, solid-state transformer by Brooks in 1980, smart global transformers by EPRI in 1995, electrical transformer by ABB, power management centre by Borojevic, power router by Wang, and MAGA cube by ETH Zurich, among others. It also serves as an electrical power interface between medium and low voltage (MV/LV) (LV).

3 SST STRUCTURE AND TOPOLOGY TYPES

SSTs are most commonly used in the voltage range of distribution systems. The use of power electronic equipment capable of operating at high frequencies and voltages is required for the creation of a highly reliable and efficient SST. Frameworks have been suggested for the design of the SST, which can be categorised based on the number of phases and the topology of the converters employed The high-frequency transformer (HFT) is a common feature in all structures. According to the research of the research layer, The global Solid State Transformers Market predicted to generate 178.23 USD Million in 2028 and grow 16.6% CAGR.

Summary

Power system development and the transition to the smart grid have boosted the demand for innovative technology. Solid-state transformers have been offered as a possible replacement to conventional transformers in this regard. Solid-state transformers are an example of equipment based on power electronic converters that, in addition to superior performance over conventional transformers, provide a number of other services. This article investigates the concept and types of solid-state transformer topologies and combinations, as well as their applications, particularly in smart grids. According to research, the varied properties of solid-state transformers have led to a great deal of interest in them as possible transformers in smart grid applications.